The Significance of Red Envelopes in Chinese Culture

A red envelope (ç ´â€¦Ã¥Å'…, hà ³ngbÄ o) is simply a long, narrow, red envelope. Traditional red envelopes are often decorated with gold Chinese characters, such as happiness and wealth. Variations include red envelopes with cartoon characters depicted and red envelopes from stores and companies that contain coupons and gift certificates inside. How Red Envelopes Are Used During Chinese New Year, money is put inside red envelopes which are then handed out to younger generations by their parents, grandparents, relatives, and even close neighbors and friends. At some companies, workers may also receive a year-end cash bonus tucked inside a red envelope. Red envelopes are also popular gifts for birthdays and weddings. Some four-character expressions appropriate for a wedding red envelope are Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¤ ½Å"ä ¹â€¹Ã¥ Ë† (tiÄ nzuà ² zhÄ «hà ©,  a marriage  made in heaven) or ç™ ¾Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¥ Ë† (bÇŽinià ¡n hÇŽo hà ©,  a happy  union for 100 years). Unlike a Western greeting card, red envelopes given at Chinese New Year are typically left unsigned. For birthdays or weddings, a short message, typically a four-character expression, and signature are optional. The Color   Red symbolizes luck and good fortune in Chinese culture. That is why red envelopes are used during Chinese New Year and other celebratory events. Other envelope colors are used for other types of occasions. For example, white envelopes are used for funerals. How to Give and Receive Giving and receiving red envelopes, gifts, and even business cards is a solemn act. Therefore, red envelopes, gifts, and name cards are always presented with both hands and also received with both hands. The recipient of a red envelope at Chinese New Year or on his or her birthday should not open it in front of the giver. At Chinese weddings, the procedure is different. At a Chinese wedding, there is a table at the entrance of the wedding reception where guests give their red envelopes to attendants and sign their names on a large scroll. The attendants will immediately open the envelope, count the money inside, and record it on a register next to the guests’ names. A record is kept of how much each guest gives to the newlyweds. This is done for several reasons. One reason is bookkeeping. A record ensures the newlyweds know how much each guest gave and can verify the amount of money they receive at the end of the wedding from the attendants is the same as what the guests brought. Another reason is that when unmarried guests eventually get married, the bride and groom are typically obliged to give the guest more money than what the newlyweds received at their wedding. The Amount Deciding how much money to put into a red envelope depends on the situation. For red envelopes given to children for Chinese New Year, the amount depends on age and the giver’s relationship to the child.   For younger children, the equivalent of about $7 is fine. More money is given to older children and teenagers. The amount is usually enough for the child to buy a gift, like a T-shirt or DVD. Parents may give the child a more substantial amount since material gifts are usually not given during the holidays. For employees at work, the year-end bonus is typically the equivalent of one month’s wage though the amount can vary from enough money to buy a small gift to more than one month’s wage. If you go to a wedding, the money in the red envelope should be equivalent to a nice gift that would be given at a Western wedding. Or, it should be enough money to cover the guest’s expense at the wedding. For example, if the wedding dinner costs the newlyweds US$35 per person, then the money in the envelope should be at least US$35. In Taiwan, typical amounts of money are NT$1,200, NT$1,600, NT$2,200, NT$2,600, NT$3,200, and NT$3,600. As with the Chinese New Year, the amount of money is relative to your relationship to the recipient  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  the closer your relationship is to the bride and groom, the more money is expected. For instance, immediate family like parents and siblings give more money than casual friends. It is not uncommon for business partners to be invited to weddings, and business partners often put more money in the envelope to strengthen the business relationship. Less money is given for birthdays than other holidays because it is viewed as the least important of the three occasions. Nowadays, people often just bring gifts for birthdays. What Not to Gift For all occasions, certain amounts of money are to be avoided. Anything with a four is best avoided because å›› (sà ¬, four) sounds similar to æ ­ » (sÇ , death). Even numbers, except four, are better than odd  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  as good things are believed to come in pairs. For example, gifting $20 is better than $21. Eight is a particularly auspicious number. The money inside a red envelope should always be new and crisp. Folding the money or giving dirty or wrinkled bills is in bad taste. Coins and checks are avoided, the former because change is not worth much and the latter because checks are not widely used in Asia.

Times of India Summer Internship Report - 6426 Words

SUMMER TRAINING REPORT AT TIMES OF INDIA On Submitted By: M.B.A. Sem III Submitted To Department of Business Administration PREFACE True learning is born out of experience and observation practical experience is one of the best types of leanings that one can remember throughout the life. After II semesters in learning theoretical aspects of administration and management, the day come to apply these in corporate world in content of modern industrial enterprise that has to go through its different terminal to achieve that corporate goals. The main object of practical training is to develop practical knowledge and experience and awareness about industrial environment and business practices in the student as a supplement to theoretical†¦show more content†¦1907 Editor Stanley Reed revolutionises news production by extending the deadline to midnight. Until then any news that came in after 5pm was held over for the next day. TOIs first price war under editor Stanley Reed: price cut from 4 annas to 1 anna; circulation rises 5 times. 1923 Evening News of India launched 1929 The Times Of India Illustrated Weekly renamedThe Illustrated Weekly Of India 1930 The Column Bombay 100 Years ago published 1930 The Column Bombay 100 Years ago published First movie review published 1940 First time news items appeared on the front page 1946 For the first time the paper transfers to Indian ownership. Seth Ramakrishna Dalmia buys out Bennett, Coleman Co.Ltd. for Rs. 2 crores. 1948 Sahu Jain Group become the owners of the company. Shanti Prasad Jain is the first Chairman of the group 1950 ï  ¶ Navbharat Times launched ï  ¶ The TOI Crest changes from the lions to elephants ï  ¶ Dharmayug, Hindi weekly pictorial magazine launched ï  ¶ Frank Moraes succeeded Ivor Jehu to become the first Indian editor (1950-57)R K Laxman’s common man cartoon starts. 1952 Filmfare- first film magazine in English launched 1959 Femina- first women’s magazine in English launched 1961 The Economic Times launched 1962 Maharashtra Times launched 1965 Femina Miss India contest started. 1987 Printing ofShow MoreRelatedBrand Perception Case Study: Kazo Fashion Limited7843 Words   |  32 Pagesï » ¿ 1 SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT 2010 SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON KAZO FASHION LTD. Analyzing Brand Perception And Accordingly Suggesting Various Feasible Effective Marketing Activities To Boost Sales. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the two year Post Graduate Programme (PGP). 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Organizational Health and Safety New Chemical Entities

Question: Describe about the Organizational Health and Safety for New Chemical Entities. Answer: I have been hired in a pharmaceutical R D named X pharmaceuticals. X pharmaceuticals is mainly working on the new chemical entities (NCEs) and these NCEs were being evaluated in different animal models like rat and mice. After completion of evaluation of NCEs in animal models, these NCEs would be evaluated in clinical trial in respective disease areas. These NCEs were being evaluated on different therapeutic targets for respective disease area. Vision of this company is to provide cost effective medicine to the common people. Mission of this company is to provide safe and efficacious medicine to the people. X pharmaceuticals was established in 2002. X pharmaceutical was doing good business since 2008. Two molecules were successfully completed phase 3 clinical trials and these molecules were proved effective and safe in respective disease area. By virtue of licensing of these two compounds, X pharmaceuticals generated good amount of revenue and company is planning to invest further i nto the research on new medicine. X pharmaceuticals is taking care of both personnel and national culture. In case of personnel culture, company proposes to employees to adapt to the company culture. X pharmaceuticals is vey employee friendly company. In this company, safety of the patients is of prime importance. In case of national culture, company adopted all the rules and regulations of the national interest (Bamfield, 2006). I implemented training programme for occupational Health and Safety in the organization. For this purpose, I had analyzed safety standards in the organization. For this purpose, analysis of the safety standards were analyzed at the three levels like organization, task and person. At the organizational level, these standards were evaluated by understanding rules and regulations implemented by the organization, training provided for safety, knowing budget allocated for safety, understanding willingness of the management and knowing past activities of the organization for the implementation safety standards in the organization. In task based analysis, I focused on the activities related to the experimental animals like rat and mice. I considered mainly two safety issues in the handling of the animals. I considered, these two safety issues based on the frequent reporting of these two issues. First is safe handling of the animals. If person who was handling animals had not been trained pr operly, then there is possibility of bite off by the animals. Second safety concern was the proper disposal of needle used for the injection to the animals. If needle thrown in the dustbin after use without applying any closure, there would be possibility of hurting to the people who would clean dustbin. I analyzed persons based on the past history of unsafe handling of the animals and unsafe disposal of the needle. I selected those persons, who had experienced frequent rat and mice bite and persons who had frequently disposed off needles without taking any safety precautions (Clarke, 2016; Homer, 2013). Objective of the training programme was implementation of the safe animal handling procedures in the organization. This objective helped in improving the quality of work with all the safety precautions. This helped in the overall productivity of the organization. There would be interruption in the work due to injury caused by unhealthy or unsafe handling of the animals. I incorporated both practical and theoretical training to the person. Person who would handle animals should be experienced and properly trained for handling the animals. This training was provided by the well experienced trainer and continuous monitoring was done by expert in the field. Along with the experimental training, person was given theoretical or class room knowledge. This theoretical training incorporated video demonstration of handling of animals and route of administration of drugs to the animals. Also, it incorporated power point presentation based on the theoretical information of handling of animals. I incorporated standard operating procedure for the handling of animals and administration of drugs to the animals. This standard operating procedure comprised of step wise procedure, troubleshooting instructions and safety precautions. After the completion of the training, person was evaluated for all the practical aspects. Person was allowed to perform independent experiments, after the successful completion of the evaluation of handling of the animals. Learning principles involved in this training programme were behavior of the animals, disease of the animals and risk factors due to animals bite or due to the infection caused by the animals. I also gave knowledge about the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for the experimenter. These PPEs included hand gloves, face mask, head cap and apron. These PPEs helped in the protection from the bite of animals and infection due to the animals. Experimental training was provided on-the-job training and theoretical training was provi ded off-the-job training. In both experimental and theoretical training, my experience was very encouraging. Trainee adopted all the experimental procedures and these trainees are now well skilled with the handling of the animals. In theoretical training also, trainees acquired all the knowledge and currently following all the instructions provided in the training session (Donovan Brown, 2013; Ducommun, 2008; Rose Cohrssen, 2011). This training provided all the required information and skills for the safe handling of the animals. These training contents were delivered to the trainees in a very efficient and sophisticated manner. Delivery of the contents of training programme was well accepted by all the trainees and they were happy with the overall training procedures. These trainees would be evaluated on the regular interval of one month both for experimental and theoretical aspects. I would like improve in the training procedure by incorporating recent advancements in the handling of the animals. Recently different catheters were developed to infuse continuous drug in the animals, so that there would be less handling of the animals and risk of bite and infection due to animals would be reduced. I would plan for unscheduled visit to the workplace to observe experimental procedure. This would help to implement accurate animal procedure on day to day basis. By implementing, both experimental and theoretical tra ining, I strongly believed in the requirement of the both types of knowledge in the effective implementation of safe procedures in the organization (McGreevya et al., 2014; Reese, 2015). References: Bamfield, P. (2006). Research and Development in the Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry. John Wiley Sons. Clarke, S. (2016). Occupational Health and Safety. CRC Press. Donovan, J., Brown, P. (2013). Care and Handling of Laboratory Mice. Current Protocols in Microbiology. DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mca03ns31. Ducommun, D. (2008). The Complete Guide to Rat Training: Tricks and Games for Rat Fun and Fitness. T.F.H. Publications. Homer, L.C., Alderman, T.S., Blair, H.A., Brocard, A.S., et al., (2013). Guidelines for Biosafety Training Programs for Workers Assigned to BSL-3 Research Laboratories. Biosecurity Bioterrorism, 11(1), 10-9. McGreevya, P. D., Henshalla, C., Starlinga, M., J., McLeanb, A. N., Boakesc, R. A. (2014). The importance of safety signals in animal handling and training. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 9(6), 382387. Reese, C.D. (2015). Occupational Health and Safety Management: A Practical Approach. CRC Press. Rose, V. E., Cohrssen, B. (2011). Patty's Industrial Hygiene. John Wiley Sons.

Jean-Baptiste Grenouille as characterized by Patrick Süskind free essay sample

Jean-Baptiste Grenouille as characterized by Patrick Suskind Patrick Suskinds Perfume is the gripping tale of a sociopathic young man, Jean- Baptiste Grenouille, whos passion for scent ultimately leads him to slaughter twenty five young virgins. Suskind chooses to develop Grenouilles character slowly and methodically, allowing Grenouilles sociopathic tendencies to emerge and ripen along with the plot. The readers first impression of the character is manipulated by Suskinds clever use of sensory and emotion-provoking details, allowing the reader to feel pity for the character. Suskind allows each one of Grenouilles interactions with other characters to reveal Grenouilles true nature a little more. By the end of the novel, the reader is fully aware of Grenouilles abhorrent actions and his truly loathsome personality. However, Suskinds clever characterization of Grenouille as an ambitious hollow man searching for emotions he is incapable of feeling allows Grenouille to triumph as the unquestioned protagonist in the mind of the reader. We will write a custom essay sample on Jean-Baptiste Grenouille as characterized by Patrick SÃ ¼skind or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This ingenious technique causes the reader to unwillingly support or at least tolerate Grenouille’s actions in order to process and accept the disturbing content of the novel. By beginning Perfume with a poignant description of Jean-Baptiste Grenouille’s unfortunate childhood, Patrick Suskind is able to manipulate the reader’s perception of Grenouille. Suskind begins with a description of the tragic circumstances of Grenouille’s birth, including his mother’s contempt for him. The tragedy is further emphasized when Suskind reveals Grenouilles mother’s intentions of infanticide, and Grenouille’s gruesome impromptu birth surrounded by rotting fish remains. On page 5, the phrase [she hoped to] marry one day and as an honourable wife of a widower with a trade or some such to bear real children (Suskind, 2001) illustrates how Grenouilles mother did not consider him a real child, as he was illegitimate. This rejection of Grenouille continues to be a theme throughout the story, as seen in the events following Grenouille’s birth, such as his mother’s execution and his repeated rejections by Father Terrier, Jeanne Bussie, and the children with whom he lives at Mme Gaillard’s. Having received no love or nurturing throughout his life, he is unable to comprehend how abnormal his lack of affection is for others. This unawareness renders his character even more pathetic and subsequently more pitiable to the reader. Since Grenouille is a child, his abnormality is not yet fully apparent to reader. When Grenouille is first given to Father Terrier, it is apparent that baby Grenouille makes him uncomfortable, when he describes the baby as a strange, cold creature a hostile animal. (Suskind, 2001) (p 17. ) However, since Grenouille has not done anything to specifically deserve these criticisms, he seems innocent. Throughout the novel, Suskind’s strategic introduction acts as an anchor that allows the reader to recollect the emotions they originally felt for Grenouille. When Grenouille demonstrates disturbing tendencies and eventually commits murder as a result of his psychopathic nature, the reader is equipped with background knowledge of Grenouille’s life. This knowledge allows the reader to somewhat comprehend Grenouille’s actions thus providing the reader with a means to justify Grenouille’s madness. During Grenouilles 7 year stay in Plomb du Cantal he comes to the realization that he does not emit a body odour. In this book, odour appears to symbolize a soul in an I smell therefore I am play on the Descartes Cogito ergo sum philosophy (I think therefore I am). Throughout his travels and interactions with society, he also begins to understand that humans subconsciously judge their peers based on their natural body odours. Since ordinary humans do not understand their olfactory perceptions, they instead attribute qualities such as beauty and charm to people who possess a desirable scent. Grenouille realized that he can manipulate societys perceptions of him based on the scent he wears. He creates many scents for himself, including a scent to help him be unnoticed and another one to evoke pity. After his many successes, he decided to create one final, ultimate perfume. With this perfume, he hopes to incite love. Grenouille, unbeknownst to himself, is searching for the love he never received as a child. However, being severely warped by his own loveless past he mistakes submission with adoration, and decides to create a perfume that will force the entire world to love and submit to him. In this process, he takes the scents and thus the lives of 25 beautiful virgins. After he decides to create a perfume with which he can rule the world, the passage states, and [Grenouille] said to himself that he wanted to do it because he was evil. Thoroughly evil. (Suskind, 2001) The reader at this point, knowing Grenouille is evil, and that he himself knows he is evil, should feel nothing but contempt for Grenouille. Although being a murderer is generally not a winning quality, Suskind manages to coax the reader to tolerate Grenouilles actions. Grenouille’s desire to be loved and accepted is a very relatable thing. Although this desire pushes Grenouille to commit 25 murders, the reader is able to turn a blind eye to the deaths, and instead focus on the motivation behind them. Though his actions are disturbing, his motivations are not. Throughout the novel, the reader is introduced to many characters, all of which Grenouille encounters during his life. However, none of the characters are ever truly explained in depth. Grenouilles own mother remains nameless, Father Terrier, Mme Gaillard, Grimal and Baldini are never truly explored on any personal level. This lack of depth serves to emphasize Grenouilles inability to relate to people on a personal level. The victims that he murders remain for the most part, utterly anonymous, with the exception of Laure. The girls are never given names or personalities. In this way, the reader develops no attachment to these characters and is therefore less affected when Grenouille murders them. The girls are described as they are perceived by Grenouille, not as people, but instead as objects carrying scents. Grenouille has no value for human life, and a part of this is transferred to the reader during this book. This technique employed by Grenouille is extremely strategic, as it serves to desensitize the reader to the heavy content. By preventing the reader from seeing the thoughts of other characters or learning much about them, Suskind also prevents the reader from siding with them. It is impossible to see Grenouille as an antagonist when there is no protagonist to replace him with. By only using methods of characterization to develop Grenouille, Suskind limits the reader to supporting Grenouille. On page 1, Suskind refers to Grenouille as one of the most gifted and abominable personages in an era that knew no lack of gifted and abominable personages. After completing the novel, this phrase remains extremely accurate; Grenouille is abominable because of his sense of smell and the things it leads him to do, however he is also extraordinary because of his complete commitment to it. In conclusion, Suskind’s incredible ability to infuse some humanity into Grenouille’s seemingly inhuman character is truly what allows the reader to continue reading the book, as opposed to giving up instantly. The content is sombre and the main character is less than appealing at many times, but Suskind characterizes Grenouille in a way that ultimately conveys the message of the book; The search for love can lead one to do some horribly twisted things. 1, 222